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發表於 2006-10-20 12:48 AM
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Modus ponendo ponens
) F" L! ?3 ]1 `, B8 j" ~ @ d5 YP --> Q, 因為 P 所以 Q
8 K ?/ L! `: F d) t7 z! Z
?7 s8 o7 k4 u+ Q% uModus tollendo tollens( w3 y" b6 B( [ E
P --> Q, 取得 ~P 所以 ~Q
; P: t n; n% o4 z% Z3 a
5 V: k; Q) }0 M1 w/ LDisjunctive syllogism
9 ^# e8 P' U; W' q" ^P or Q, 取得 ~P 所以 Q+ l7 w: d# ?( Q) C' d/ M
P or Q, 取得 ~Q 所以 P
+ |2 Y# t) l# T5 T6 @9 ?2 H
' Z# h# N, B# \1 C3 ~. W) G6 BConjunctive syllogism) F+ W( A$ e! I
~(P & Q), 取得 P 所以 ~Q
k) M3 e7 X2 l3 f~(P & Q), 取得 Q 所以 ~P$ W0 F; Y5 D7 h4 f1 {& [
3 B! J% u7 e" r q! NHypothetical syllogism0 Y9 X9 B6 I2 z
P --> Q, 取得 Q --> R 所以 P --> R
& K% _' T @0 R7 A$ J1 U* y' J8 [! ?* U4 G& \% E
De Morgan's theorem
% r E6 \) }: b# ?4 h" a~(P & Q) 所以 ~P or ~Q
, B# c/ D* c$ O~(P or Q) 所以 ~P & ~Q |
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